Cultural Study Of Anthropology Of Sports - 1493 Words

This chapter provides background information on the research topic. The study background are presented in this order: The first section covers a general overview of anthropology of sports. The second heading covers the ethnographic background. The third heading is of this chapter sheds light on autoethnographic study. The fourth heading is habitus, with a sub-heading thus: the socio-cultural study of the body. The fifth heading is on nationalisation theories. The sixth heading is on globalisation theory. The seventh heading is on feminist theory. Finally the eighth heading will be on volleyball. There are several approaches to the study of sports. However, in this study, the above mentioned theoretical approaches captured as â€Å"headings† are the purview in which this study is conducted. These headings are relevant to this research because they provide utility to the study topic and in sports study, highlighting the arguments, successes, challenges, strengths, weaknesses and gaps in the anthropological (socio-cultural study of sports). 2.2 Anthropology of Sports Sports was only considered in the 1980s as a modern invention and focuses on cultural practices that is regarded as pre-modern. In the nineteenth century two sports forms emerged from Europe and this linked sports with masculinity, nationalism and colonial aspirations (Besnier and Brownell 2012). Anthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of man.†Show MoreRelatedSports As An Element Of Culture1498 Words   |  6 PagesChapter One Introduction Sports have different meanings for different people and across societies (Laker 2001:4) and the way one engages in sports is influenced by the cultural or ethnic group to which one belongs (Sever 2005:4). Although the rules of sport may stay constant, meanings diverge (Besnier and Brownell 2012). Sports serves as one of the most contested and celebrated institutions in our society (Appleby and Foster 2013:1), hence, without acknowledging the place of sports, it will be impossibleRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of man.† Anthropology is the most comprehensive among the social sciences, covering every aspect of human behaviour, past, present and the future (Blanchard 1995:2). The anthropology of sports serves as a unique social scientific approach to understand and analyse sports alongside the practical application of results to real problems (Blanchard 1995:23) and like all other social sciences, operatesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Savage Minds By Adam Fish And Nick Seaver855 Words   |  4 Pages I have chosen blog posts by Adam Fish and Nick Seaver. Adam Fish is a cultural anthropologist, a teacher and researcher at the Sociology Department of Lancaster University, UK. The blog posts I have chosen written by him are: â€Å"The genie is out of the bottle – it’s foolish to think encryption can now be banned† and â€Å"Interview: An anthropologist on Tiger Woods†. On the other hand, Nick Seaver is a PhD candidate in anthropology at UC Irvine. Conducting his research with developers of algorithmic musicRead MoreThe Wrestler s Body : Identity And Ideology1365 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia Press. Anthony, Susan B. 1896 [suffragist], History of Women in Sports Timeline. Bale J. 1991. The Brawn Drain: Foreign Student-Athletes in American Universities. Urbana, IL: Univ. Ill. Press Bale, John, and Joseph Maguire, eds.1994 The Global Sports Arena: Athletic Talent Migration in an Interdependent World. London: Frank Cass Bailey, R., Wellard I., and Dismore, H., 2005 Participation in Physical Activities and Sports: Benefits, Patterns, Influences and Ways Forward. Canterbury Christ ChurchRead MoreAnthropology : The First Day Of Class1507 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Anthropology? When this question was asked on the first day of class. I immediately thought to myself that it was the study of nonindustrial peoples but it was much more. According to the American Anthropology Association, Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. I realized that many social science focus on one single society such as the United States. While, anthropology offers a unique cross-cultural perspective, constantly comparing the customs of one society with those ofRead MoreStatement of Purpose for Havard Application661 Words   |  3 Pagesthis would be one of my biggest traits to study China and its neighboring nations as a Korean. As a daughtor of an ethnologist, I grew up to be a nomad culturally and intellectually. When I was seven, I followed my father to China and grew up in Beijing for three years. From then on, I have been following him as he conducted fieldwork in Southwest China, learning about the most exuberant diversity a nation can express. I double majored in integrated studies of culture, a self-designed major in ScrantonRead MoreAmerican vs. Japanese Culture Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological anthropology is the study of individuals and their personalities and identities, within particular cultural contexts. In this paper I will identify two different cultures in the world which are the American and Japanese. Then, I will examine their traditions through various life cycles. Based on the behaviors, customs, and beliefs of each of the two cultures, I will discuss how personalities and identities are formed and shaped within the two different cultures. Finally, I will be givingRead Mo reTypes Of Materials And Archaeological Sites1437 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods and two excavation techniques. Archaeology can be defined as a subdiscipline of anthropology involving the study of the human past through its materials. To fully understand what archaeology is and what it entails, one must know a bit about anthropology. Anthropology in the most general sense is the study of our humanity. Examples include physical or biological anthropology, cultural, linguistic, and finally archaeology. Archaeologists use different types of material, artifacts,Read MoreThe International Women s Media Foundation1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe interest participants had in participating in sports, they found a way of coping with stereotypes. An example is given by Adams and Pamela (2003) who have postulated that cheerleading gives an opportunity for participants to reconstruct femininity in a way not to challenge the dominant ideas of the roles and expectations. This they did, by adjusting themselves to suit the evolving ideas of what it means to be a woman in the societal or cultural con text. Also, there has been an improvement overRead MoreHuman Behavior, Ethnocentrism, And Cultural Relativism1466 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a broad study of the products and precedents of human behavior. These products and precedents include the study of material objects, institutions and factors that contribute to social change and understanding of human behavior. In studying human behavior, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism will be examined as these concepts expose the authors (McDonnell 2016). Male domination will also be considered while examining these concepts as an important trait in the Afghan society. Ethnocentrism

The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1638 Words

Introduction The author of the book is Kate Chopin, the title is The Awakening and the main focus point of this essay is to talk about Eden’s interaction and relationships with men throughout the novel. It is important to figure out how these relationships affected Edna and her ‘awakening’ and realization of herself. Edna Pontellier is the main character in this reading and her devotion to her family is questioned when her husband Leonce Pontellier starts to make demands that she can not meet. Throughout her story, she encounters men which shape her personality in different ways. Robert Leburn is the man that Edna falls in love with and plans to run away with leaving behind her family, and Alcee Arobin is the playboy who she goes to in†¦show more content†¦In the book, she writes Coming back to dinner? his wife called after him. He halted a moment and shrugged his shoulders. He felt in his vest pocket; there was a ten-dollar bill there. He did not know; p erhaps he would return for the early dinner and perhaps he would not. It all depended upon the company which he found over at Klein s and the size of the game. He did not say this, but she understood it, and laughed, nodding good-by to him. This shows to us how Lance did not care about his wife that much and and he wanted to do whatever he felt like doing. In an analytical article it is written that Twenty-first century domestic statistics scream with divorce. Although the relationship between husband and wife is far more equal since the days of Kate Chopin s The Awakening, rampant divorce and single-parent families still make it difficult for today s children and teenagers to trust they will marry happily. The critic is stating that it is very important for a man to respect his wife, or else his children will turn out to be distrustful and have negative views regarding their social life. As a result, she started to develop feelings for a man named Robert Leburn. Confirmation Section (2) The novel talks about how Edna develops a relationship with Robert Leburn when her husband would not give her attention. She fell in love with a man outside her family because she wanted to figure out who she truly was in life. Edna says in the

Mental Health Nursing Schizophrenia

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health Nursingfor Schizophrenia. Answer: Introduction One of the key domain of the nursing profession is the mental health nursing. This domain is specialized for the mental health, which provides the care service to the people of all ages (Videbeck, 2013). Mental health nursing includes those who have mental illness with the mild symptoms such as anxiety as well as diseases like schizophrenia, dementia, bipolar disorder and substance abuse. The mental health nurses need to work with the patients, who have mental health problems. However, Andersson et al. (2012) mentioned that different patients of mental health illness may have different symptoms. Hence, the mental health issues diagnosis is difficult. In this context, Beck (2011) stated that the mental health nurses need to have additional skills to handle the patients and provide effective and efficient care. The care nurses need to support them and provide empathy to build a therapeutic relationship. Establishment of the therapeutic relationship with the patients is important. The key concern of the essay is Angelina, 18 years old teenager, who is suffering from depression. Angelina faces difficulties to concentrate on her studies and cannot lead a normal life due to depressive symptoms. This affects the future of Angelina. The assignment focuses on the discussion of the therapeutic engagement of Angelina. The discussion states about the implementation of therapeutic modalities for Angelina. For the improvement of Angelina, more than one therapeutic modality can be applied that is discussed. In case of Angelina, the mental health nurse can provide the mental health service that will help her to get back in normal life. Angelina has started her first year class in the Melbourne University. She is the student of nursing. However, it is necessary to mention that there is no family history of mental health illness in Angelinas family. She was a high achieving student and enjoyed sports. She has strong social networks of friends. However, since the past two weeks, the friends of Angelina noticed that Angelina has the symptoms of mental illness. The symptoms are hopeless feeling, depressed mood worthlessness, weight loss (8 kg), fatigue, psychomotor retardation, insomnia, less interest in her subject, less attendance, less concentration and reduced attention. Moreover, she had the thoughts of suicide. In such context, Angelina is not able to continue her studies and attend her university classes and examination. Angelinas parents brought her for the mental health review at the emergency department. In such condition, the mental health nurse has some priorities that she needs to follow. Hence, the mental health nurse needs to make a strong and positive relationship with Angelina. It is the initial step to set up the strong relationship in mental health care provision (Shea, 2016). As Angelina is suffering from depression, she can feel uncomfortable and may not share her problems with the mental health nurse. As Angelina has no past family history, it is difficult to relate her life consequence with the mental health symptoms. In this situation, the mental health nurse can implement few key interventions relating to the therapeutic process. Trust Building: It is the duty of the mental health nurse to build the trust during dealing with Angelina. She has symptoms of depression. Moreover, she is being isolated from the society therefore; it can assume that she would not share her feelings with the nurse. She may feel helpless and more depressed in the therapeutic environment. Therefore, the nurse needs to build a strong and reliable relationship with Angelina so that she can share her feelings with the mental health nurse and give the important information about her. This information can help the mental health nurse I the therapeutic procedure. The nurse-client relationship is not possible without the strong relationship (Beck, 2011). The nurse can face problem in the intervention procedure. The mental health nurse needs to make some key strategies like friendly behavior, honesty, suggesting some options and good listening skills. Genuineness: The nurse needs to genuineness that is she needs to be honest, open-minded and sincere. She should have the active involvement with the patient (Chibanda et al., 2011). Keltner (2013) mentioned that genuineness is the alternative of self-alienation. This can make Angelina feel safe and secure in therapeutic surrounding. This can influence the trust development towards the mental health nurse and the health care system. If the nurse does not have this attribute, then the patient would not able to be free and cannot be able to express her self-acceptance, strong relationship. The negative attribute of the mental health nurse can make the patient feel unable and unsafe to share the concern and needs for the therapeutic purpose. The nurse can win the trust of the patient by the honesty and open mindedness. Empathy and Respect: Empathy refers to the ability to enter in the life of other person, communicate properly to understand the needs and feelings of the client. Proper empathy can involve the attempts of the patients with sensitivity by the verbal communication and interaction. The nurse should communicate in such language that the patient and her family members could understand. As Angelina has depressive and isolative symptoms therefore, the nurse may face problems to understand the requirements of Angelina. In such condition, the empathy can help the mental health nurse and influence the changes and constructive learning. The problems of Angelina can be diminished by making her social. Therefore, she needs to motivation from the mental health nurse. Fortinash and Worret (2014) suggested that the nurse needs to show empathy rather than sympathy. The patient May feel uncomfortable to express herself if the nurse shows sympathy. In this case, the nurse needs to show empathy so that Angelina can show her feelings and talk freely with the mental health nurse. Unconditional Affirmative Regards: When the patient like Angelina stated to show the unconditional affirmative regards, the patients begins to feel importance. This can influence the patients in expressing her feelings and recent health requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to shoe the unconditional affirmative regards to maximize the involvement of Angelina in therapeutic practice. The following points can be applied in case of Angelia that is suitable for the therapeutic treatment: Intervention 1- Antidepressant medication: In the case scenario, it is seen that Angelina is suffering from depression with psychomotor retardation, lack of concentration, insomnia, weight loss and suicidal thoughts. Hence, only CBT cannot modify Angelinas problems. In such context, she needs antidepressant medication to decrease the psychological symptoms of Angelina. Both the psychological and psychomotor treatment can reduce the problems of Angelina as both have various significant outcomes. Psychologist may suggest Angelina one of the medication or combination of anti psychotic drugs, antidepressant and mood stabilizers. As mentioned by Fortinash and Worret (2014), the psychologist needs to confirm the type, dosage and routes. The antidepressant can help Angelina to feel better, which cannot change Angelinas personality. Therefore, the combination is important for eliminating the roots of the depression (DZurilla Nezu, 2010). However, there may be some side effects, about which the MHN should be careful. MHN should motiv ate her and teach her about the therapeutic procedure. She needs to provide mediation on time and positively encourage her. The MHN needs to notice the improvements in Angelina and note down that will help to reduce the depression. Intervention 2- Support and Referral for the Rehabilitation: The second intervention is the support and rehabilitation. It is another process that can improve the condition of Angelina. In view of Keltner (2013), the mental health nurse can provide referral of the support groups. In such condition, Angelina can get opportunity to be social and make connection with others. There she can meet with people who are similar to her and went through same condition. They can motivate her by sharing their struggle. This can reduce her isolative mentality and improve her condition by developing her feelings. If Angelina begins to feel valued and important then she will be able to understand the key challenges of life. This can have positive impact on Angelina. In this context, the nurse needs tom involve the family members and friends of Angelina for providing the support and encourage her. When Angelina will be able to understand the importance of wellbeing, it will be easier for her to improve herself by motivating own self. The mental health nurse can arrange rehabilitation for the patient that will help her to be well soon (Sadock Sadock, 2011). This can motivate Angelina to get well soon and gain back the previous confidence to make high scores in study to secure the future. In such context the mental health nurse needs to aware about the affordability of the patient (Townsend, 2014). Intervention 3- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy refers to the evidence based psychological treatment, which can recognize behavioral and cognition attributes of the patients.CBT is one of the evidences, which is the most effective treatment of depression. However, Videbeck (2013) mentioned that it depends on various factors like age, which includes children, adults, adolescents and old age people. In therapeutic modality, nurses can assist psychotherapists for identifying behavior patterns (Chibanda et al., 2011). This can make Angelina feel good and free of depression. Hence, in such condition, client centered and team based approaches are the best that the therapist and mental health nurse can choose to understand reasons of depression and reduce the psychological problems. If the professionals can identify the reasons of the depression, then it will help them to change the behavior of Angelina by providing knowledge and skills so that she can think rationally and avoid the negative thinking. In view of Townsend (2014), the motto of the therapy is to bring the positive thinking in the patient. This theory will help her to modify her behavior and come to the normal life again by avoiding depression with the gain of positive thoughts. Intervention 4- Self-management and Relaxing Training: With the above mentioned key modalities that is pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for the treatment of Angelina, there are some alternation. These alternatives can help Angelina to get rid of her problems and provide better outcomes. One of these alternatives is relaxing training and one of the outcomes is the self-management (Andersson et al., 2012). Therefore, health promotion sessions can be arranged for Angelina that will help to improve the self-management skill. This session will create awareness in Angelina and promote her ability to manage her situation by improving the self-management. In addition, she can try yoga and medication that will help her as the relaxing training. Moreover, she can listen music to reduce her stress. This will act as the conventional technique. Music has the power to reduce stress and can bring the positive thinking by reducing stress and negative thinking (Stuart, 2014). Moreover, the mental health nurse can arrange music therapy for Angelina that will motivate her to be positive. Music will reveal her stress and tiredness and provide energy to perform the daily works. The mental health nurse needs to help her by teaching the relaxing training and explaining about the importance of self-management and relaxing training. Only the mental health nurse can help her in such context. Moreover, the mental health nurse needs to monitor Angelina to check her improvement during the conventional therapeutic approaches. After the discussion, it can be stated that the key focus Angelina can improve her own self and have a positive lifestyle and can decrease the depressive signs and symptoms via therapeutic treatment and continuous support. In such condition, therapeutic engagement depends on the key attributes of mental health nursing. This can include the pharmacotherapy, self-management, CBT, social support, referrals and relaxing techniques. However, the observance of Angelina with the therapeutic procedures is the main determinant of therapeutic outcomes. Only the mental health nurse can ensure this via the positive and the trustworthy relationship. This relationship can be built strong with the motivation. It can be expected that the mentioned interventions and therapeutic procedure develop the condition of Angelina and she will be able to back in her normal life like previously. References Andersson, G., Paxling, B., Wiwe, M., Vernmark, K., Felix, C. B., Lundborg, L., ... Carlbring, P. (2012). Therapeutic alliance in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.Behaviour Research and Therapy,50(9), 544-550. Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy.Clinical textbook of addictive disorders, 474-501. Chibanda, D., Mesu, P., Kajawu, L., Cowan, F., Araya, R., Abas, M. A. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for depression and common mental disorders in Zimbabwe: piloting a task-shifting primary mental health care intervention in a population with a high prevalence of people living with HIV.BMC public health,11(1), 828. Chibanda, D., Mesu, P., Kajawu, L., Cowan, F., Araya, R., Abas, M. A. (2011). Problem-solving therapy for depression and common mental disorders in Zimbabwe: piloting a task-shifting primary mental health care intervention in a population with a high prevalence of people living with HIV.BMC public health,11(1), 828. DZurilla, T. J., Nezu, A. M. (2010). Problem-solving therapy.Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies,3, 197-225. Fortinash, K. M., Worret, P. A. H. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Keltner, N. L. (2013).Psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A. (2011).Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Shea, S. C. (2016).Psychiatric interviewing: the art of understanding: a practical guide for psychiatrists, psychologists, counselors, social workers, nurses, and other mental health professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences. Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and practice of psychiatric nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Townsend, M. C. (2014).Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Videbeck, S. (2013).Psychiatric-mental health nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Romeo and Juliet - star crossed lovers free essay sample

Shakespeare presents Romeo and Juliet’s love with a matter of urgency and desperation due to the constant interruptions and the use of dramatic irony. Juliets promise to Romeo to follow thee my lord throughout the world is full of dramatic irony and foreshadows the final scene of the play, when their star crossed love forces them to kill themselves. The simple phrase â€Å"my lord† would then have been viewed as blasphemous and a very disrespectful thing to say. This therefore exaggerates the passion in Romeo and Juliet’s love as well as their willingness to risk everything to be together. Constant Interruptions from Juliet’s Nurse adds to the atmosphere of intense urgency and determination as the lovers frantically and unwillingly part. This shows how infatuated they are and this passion and anticipation adds builds the tension throughout the rest of the play as Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony from the prologue (â€Å"A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life†) presents the characters as naà ¯ve and unknowing to the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet star crossed lovers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is further exaggerated in the film as the prologue is shown in a very focused and dramatic way forcing in the message that in the end both Romeo and Juliet will be dead. Juliet also questions â€Å"What’s in a name?† showing her confusion and re-enforcing that she loves Romeo for being Romeo. This presents her as a very gloomy character as she tends to look on the pessimistic side of their relationship. Juliet focuses on their trouble in being together rather than focusing on the time they have whereas Romeo embraces the little time they have together. This time together though is only spent in privacy, where their love flourishes, rather than in public because of the social barrier put up by the conflict between the two families.

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr Mary Dyer was a  Quaker martyr in colonial Massachusetts. Her execution, and the religious freedom initiatives taken in memory of that, make her a key figure in American religious freedom history.   She was hanged on  June 1, 1660. Mary Dyer Biography Mary Dyer was born in England in about 1611, where she married William Dyer. They emigrated to the Massachusetts colony in about 1635, the year they joined a Boston church. Mary Dyer sided with Anne Hutchinson  and her mentor and brother-in-law, Rev. John Wheelwright, in the Antinomian controversy, which challenged the doctrine of salvation by works as well as challenging  the authority of the church leadership .   Mary Dyer lost her franchise in 1637 for her support of their ideas.   When Anne Hutchinson was expelled from church membership, Mary Dyer withdrew from the congregation. Mary Dyer had given birth to a stillborn child the fall before she left the church, and neighbors speculated that that the child had been deformed as divine punishment for her disobedience. In 1638, William and Mary Dyer moved to Rhode Island, and William helped found Portsmouth.   The family thrived. In 1650, Mary accompanied Roger Williams and John Clarke to England, and William joined her in 1650. She remained in England until 1657 after William returned in 1651.   In these years, she became a Quaker, influenced by George Fox. When Mary Dyer returned to the colony in 1657, she came through Boston, where the Quakers were outlawed. She was arrested and jailed, and her husbands plea led to her release. He had not yet converted, so he was not arrested.   Then she went to New Haven, where she was expelled for preaching about Quaker ideas.   In 1659, two English Quakers were jailed for their faith in Boston, and Mary Dyer went to visit them and to bear witness. She was jailed and then banished on September 12. She returned with other Quakers to defy the law, and was arrested and convicted. Two of her comrades, William Robinson, and Marmaduke Stevenson,   were hanged, but she received a last-minute reprieve when her son William petitioned for her.   Again, she was banished to Rhode Island.  She returned to Rhode Island, then traveled to Long Island. On May 21, 1660, Mary Dyer  returned to Massachusetts to again defy the anti-Quaker law and protest the theocracy that could limit Quakers from that territory. She was again convicted.   This time, her sentence was carried out the day after her conviction. She was offered her freedom if she would leave and remain out of Massachusetts, and she refused.    On June 1, 1660, Mary Dyer was hanged for refusing to comply with anti-Quaker laws in Massachusetts. Mary and William Dyer had seven children. Her death is credited with inspiring Rhode Islands Charter of 1663 granting religious freedom, which is in turn credited with inspiring part of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution in 1791. Dyer is now honored with a statue at The State House in Boston. Bibliography The Antinomian Controversy, 1636 - 1638: A Documentary History. David D. Hall, editor.Ingle, H. Larry. First Among Friends: George Fox and the Creation of Quakerism Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker.Larson, Rebecca. Daughters of Light: Quaker Women Preacher and Prophesying in the Colonies and Abroad, 1700-1775Plimpton, Ruth T. Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker

Oil Spills Danger to All essays

Oil Spills Danger to All essays There are many oil spills that occur every year. They harm the environment, the plants, the animals, and the people who live near it. People can clean up the spill. The environment takes the disaster of an oil spill and the follow a natural process to clean itself. Oil spills are dangerous to everything and cost a lot to clean up. In France an oil spill occurred that leaked ten million liters of oil into the ocean on December twelfth. The spill cost seven million dollars to clean up. After all the clean up attempts three hundred and fifty kilometers of coastline was covered in oil. The oil will stay in the sand for almost thirty years. Other things affected would include the sea birds. All the clean up crews estimate that up to one hundred thousand sea birds died. The oil killed them when it coated their bodies so they could not fly away and they drowned (BBCnews p.1). One of the worst places in the world for an oil spill to occur is in Alaska. On March 1989 the Exxon Valdez grounded itself in Alaska. The tanker spilled eleven million gallons of oil into the waters of south central Alaska. The spill affected many different animals, the land, and the people living near the spill site. Many people responded to the spill and quickly went to the site to help clean it up. The oil shipping company contributed nearly two million to help clean the spill up. The spill damaged the tundra. The damaged spots will take up to fifty years for the tundra to repair. The fish, that the spill damaged are still recovering. Two major types of fish were damaged. They were salmon and herring. The oil will cover the fish and the fish will suffocate to death. The oil also damages the eggs the fish lay. It makes the baby fish deformed or not born at all. The decline in the fish population is what hurt the people the most. Ten years later the fish are still returning to th eir point of stability (Birkland, Thomas p.4) Humans clean up oil spills all the t...

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Research Paper - Essay Example radigms that significantly influence the performance outcome of the businesses have become vital factors of competitive advantage in the contemporary global business environment. Scholars assert that in the contemporary times, resources like machine, factories, human capital or intellectual property can be bought from the open market and therefore, they are not effective resources that could provide competitive edge to a firm (Johnston, Scholes and Whittington, 2005). But Lynch (2003) believes that resource based strategy inherently includes all tangible and intangible assets that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness and therefore gives it the necessary advantage. It also true that organizational competencies in terms of organizational culture and leadership initiatives that exploit human capital for improved performance outcome is highly relevant element of competitive advantage (De Wit & Mayer, 2005). Hence, the research on the topic would greatly help identify factors and issues that facilitate businesses to gain leverage in the highly competitive business of contemporary times. The proposed research study would be qualitative in nature and would involve comprehensive literature review. Observation and interviews have been two major methods of understanding and evaluating the factors that impact the changing business dynamics. The sample data primarily comprised of observations of general public and local businessmen on the various perspectives of business competition and issues that influence their performance. The results showed the recessive trend had hugely impacted the business outcome and necessitated cost cutting measures to meet the challenges of the time and survive tough economic conditions. It was also found that the globalization and increasing multicultural environment also required more proactive measures to promote cross cultural understanding for improved teamwork. Workplace